In automobile circles, the terms AWD (all-wheel drive)
and 4WD (4-wheel drive) are always mentioned, often interchangeably. The problem
is, while the two terms may seem similar (they still both technically drive on all
four wheels), they’re really not. Here are a few ways they differ.
4WD, otherwise known as Four by Four or 4x4, is often
used on off-road vehicles. It was first developed as part of the WWII effort of
the Allies against the Nazis, and is characterized by a component known as the transfer
case. This gear-filled component is responsible for splitting power from the transmission
between the front and rear axles, which ensures that each of all four wheels turn
at the same speed.
The 4WD configuration is extremely ideal for maximum
power straight forward; however, it makes turning problematic. For one, the inside
wheel must rotate more slowly than the outside wheel when a car makes turns. Making
a turn with a 4WD car requires great skill, as 4WD cars often tilt to their sides
whenever they make a turn—the inside wheel lifts off the ground and spins freely.
On the other hand, AWD is the direct opposite; specifically
designed to contradict the problems brought about by the 4WD system. AWD systems
include a mechanism that allows rotational difference between the front and rear
axles. Crossover SUVs typically sport AWD systems.
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